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THEME PAPER
focuses to ensure that every develop markets for its need to focus on inclusiveness
citizen of Urban India has management. and equity going forward.
access to safe sanitation Cities should aim to prioritize
infrastructure along with The second phase of this inclusive sanitation for the
access to safe containment mission, SBM-U 5 2.0, is public/multiple stakeholders
facilities for faecal sludge. focusing on enabling across the sanitation service
cities to enhance solid chain, including the urban
These initiatives have waste management and poor who can benefit from
strengthened liquid and sanitation interventions by equitable and safe sanitation
solid waste management utilising digital tools and services. Delivery of equitable
and reduced the adverse frameworks to contribute to services needs effective
per capita environmental the achievement of the SDGs. planning and capacity
impact on cities with people’s As per the SBM-U database, building, furthering the role of
participation. However, 6.16 million Individual authorities towards meeting
the enforcement of law and Household Latrines, 0.59 the goal of sanitation for all.
implementation of strategies million Community Toilets In this endeavour, inclusion
is a big concern. The limited and Public Toilets have been and social equity should be
capacity of pollution control constructed, and 4,324 cities embedded from the planning
boards and urban local bodies are declared ODF which were phase to the implementation
(ULBs) point to the need for the objectives set out in SBM-U and monitoring phases
technological reinforcement in 2014. Under AMRUT, till of sanitation programs
to address issues related to July 2019, 109 Faecal Sludge and investments. Cities
vigilance and enforcement. Treatment Plants (FSTPs) are required to encourage
Institutional and budgetary have been completed, and participation and
capacities of the ULBs need approximately 200 are under empowerment of the
to be strengthened to ensure construction which are likely marginalized in decision-
the smooth implementation to be completed soon as per making processes and service
of plans for air quality the database of MoHUA. This delivery. 6
and waste management. achievement is commendable
Additional technology- and the kind of progress Even as the achievements
based solutions such as fleet that the sanitation sector has over the last five years
modernisation, strengthened witnessed is exemplary. are laudable in terms of
inspection and maintenance infrastructure creation, it
systems, and electrification While there has been becomes pertinent to evaluate
of fleets and technology- significant physical progress, the extent and mechanisms
based enforcement in there is concern about in which sanitation services
industries will be required inadequate attention towards are accessed by all. This
for air pollution control. For inclusive and equitable further underscore the need
waste management, fiscal approaches to benefit the most for inclusion of marginalized
mechanisms and business marginalized communities in the full sanitation value
models need to be developed living in the cities. There is a chain and road map for
to treat it as a resource and growing realization that cities policymakers in outlining
a city-wide inclusive and
5 Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban2.0 https://sbmurban.org/storage/app/media/ accessible sanitation plan.
pdf/swachh-bharat-2.pdf
6 Inclusive_City_Sanitation_Framework_and_Checklist_2nd_November.pdf As the SDGs are based on
(nfssmalliance.org) the principle of Leave No
October, 2022, Volume 23. No.2 - SHELTER 9
