Page 56 - Shelter - April 2025

CASE STUDY

and social situations, Department of a State is all the possible revenues such
availability of land are some fully responsible for MSWM. as user fees, penalties, sale of
other important criteria that The State Pollution Control compost, recyclable produce,
need to be addressed. The Boards (SPCBs) have been Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF),
holistic approach as defined empowered to monitor the bio Compressed Natural Gas
in the manual, involving SWM schemes. The States (CNG) etc. depending on
all the gamut of technical, may come out with their own selected cost proposal. The
social, economic, legal and policy and a legal frame work MSWM Plan implementation
financial aspects would for guidance of Urban Local and statutory clearances need
help in preparation of a Bodies (ULBs) to be followed, to be followed scrupulously
comprehensive Plan. The while preparing SWM and brought forward in the
seven steps as defined in the plans. Most importantly is MSWM plan based on the
manual has been summarised ensuring that a sustainable facilities proposed by ULB.
below. financing model is in place,
and identifying the right B. Government of Kerala
• Policies, Program & Legal source(s) of funds from framework and Approach
Frame work. for MSWM
the bouquet of municipal
• Assessment of current revenue(s) such as municipal Kerala has been a leading
situation and Gap Analysis. funds/bonds, State and state in India in terms of
Central government grants, social development indices.
• Stakeholder MSW loans from bilateral and Since 2016, GoK has been
Management and planning multi-lateral development promoting a comprehensive

• Preparation of MSWM banks, and availing financial development agenda under
plan assistance from other ‘Nava Kerala Action Plan
financial institutions (banks, (NKAP)’. The hygienic
• Aspects of schedule of state and central government handling and disposal of
implementation infrastructure funds) as waste has been accepted as
well as exploring Public one of the central themes of
• Stake holders’ meeting for Private Partnership modes the plan. For implementation
MSWM validation
for sources of funding. The of the plan, a Mission and
• Municipal Council Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) few institutions were created.
approval(s) of MSW include all the possible Haritha Kerala Mission
Management Plan. costs for implementation of (HKM) is one such initiative,
SWM Plan-front-end fees, and is a part of NKAP.
The integrated MSW the capital costs, operational Suchitwa Mission is another
Management Plan costs, contingent costs, arm of GoK providing
strategically leads to source back-end costs, social, technical advisories to ULBs.
reduction, reuse and waste environmental, including Under HKM, all women
recycling including waste to information, education, oriented Haritha Karma
composting, waste to energy and communication (IEC) Sena (HKS) were constituted
and waste disposal. The role costs. CAPEX, Operational and these in turn report to
of concerned State authorities expenses (OPEX) and a specialised institution,
their role at regional level has Replacement Expenses namely Kudumbashree.
been defined in the manual. (REPEX) need to be included, The primary task of HKS is
The Secretary, heading while arriving at cost- to provide services at door
the Urban Development recovery mechanisms with step, technical support to

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