Page 10 - HUDCO-SHELTER-April22

THEME PAPER

Table 2: Housing Policies and Reforms in China, 1970-2020 urban renewal using the
market instrument of land
Year Reform development.

1950s- 1970s Private Rental Housing to Public Rental Housing Recent Housing Trends
1970s-1990s Public Rental and Work Unit Ownership to Private Careful perusal of estimations
Family Ownership of floor space and dwellings in
1990s-2000s Toward Market-Dominated Home Owning Urban India and China highlight the
Society glaring issues of congestion
and spatial inequality. The
2000s-2010s Mixed Ownership Housing System consistent and significant

Post Housing Market Regulations and Effective gap between the measures
Pandemic Governance by the State/Local, Focus on Rental, is appalling. Not only is the
Social, Migrant Housing, Housing Finance, percent of dwellings far lower
Technology in India as compared to China,
the size of these dwellings
Source: Author is also less. The problem

family ownership in 1977-1991
and 1992-1998, to a market Figure 3: Average Household Size and Urban Residential Floor Space
dominated homeownership in India and China
in 1998-2007, and finally,
towards mixed-ownership
housing system in 2008 (Table
2). The People’s Republic of
China (PRC) has managed
to replace its welfare-based
urban housing system with
a market-based housing
provision scheme. PRC
has successfully expanded
urban homeownership and
impressively increased per Figure 4: Dwelling Stock Growth over Decade and Per Cent of
Concrete Dwellings
capita housing consumption.

The literature points out
China’s housing features
of state-led gentrification.
Since the 2000s, urban
redevelopment has been
the focus which is driven by
ambitious urban upgrading
programs to build world-
class cities. The state
played a significant role in

8 HUDCO-HSMI Publication