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THEME PAPER
this conferred right. It awards form of land expropriation, State level Policy and Action
grants for housing for low banking, land sharing as well Plans for cities and to amend
income population. as land readjustment, transfer planning legislations to that
of development rights, etc. effect. However, it was not
Latin America: Latin
American countries are known (ESCAP 1995; Lemaire and taken seriously by cities and
for their approach based on Kerr 2017). States until it was made a
the ‘Security of tenure for the INTEGRATING part of reform agenda under
urban poor’. In Brazil, the HOUSING NEEDS JNNURM.
Government recognized the
need to provide land tenure OF URBAN POOR IN Housing Policies of the States:
security for long term benefits INDIA: A REVIEW OF Housing policies of States
of integration of the urban APPROACHES are supposed to be rolled
poor. Local governments In India, three major strands out based on the framework
work towards it through of approaches are taken as well as the directions of
regularisation of slums and towards integrating housing Central/ Union government
improve the access of poor to needs of urban poor – policy after adapting it to the
land and shelter.
Policy approach, Standards specific needs and context
Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific approach and Programme of the States respectively.
countries are diverse in Planning approach. However, only two States
their composition and have - Maharashtra and Kerala
been using diverse methods Policy Approach - made formal housing
of inclusive planning and National Housing Policy: policies (promulgated) at
housing development. In National Housing Policy the State level. Housing
Philippines and the Republic of India provides the policies of Rajasthan and
of South Korea, emphasis directions and framework Punjab have been finalized
is made on demand driven for development of housing. and are under approval.
and market oriented housing It underwent a significant Orissa State Government also
programmes with the help change over time, particularly came out with a State level
of private sector; whereas from the pronunciation Policy and Karnataka State
Singapore has a mix of housing of Government’s role as Government has prepared
provided by (predominant) facilitator than direct provider a Policy document pending
public and private developers. for approval. Elsewhere,
In Thailand, Vietnam and for promotion of affordable there is a policy vacuum of
Cambodia, there has been a housing through fiscal and
shift in government policies tax incentives. The National housing at the State level,
towards upgradation of Urban Housing and Habitat which is substituted by
communities by leveraging Policy (NUHHP) 2007 is programmes (which are often
donor aid and local resources – perhaps the first to propose donor-assisted). However,
both community organisation ‘earmarking of land/ housing the Scenario changed with
& finance tools. Moreover, for urban poor’ as a principle the launch of the Jawaharlal
Asia Pacific countries have to be followed by cities in their Nehru National Urban
made use of innovative planning process. NUHHP Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
instruments for ensuring land 2007 expected the State and the Rajiv Awas Yojana
and shelter to the poor in the governments to formulate (RAY) 2000s.
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