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THEME PAPER


             Figure 8: Clement Canopy buildings, Singapore –           Figure 9: Deya Atmosphere, Kolkata –
          Residential Building built with Concrete PPVC System          Residential Condominium Building
























                          Source: Livingspaces                                  Source: SSMB.com


         transported to site and at site,  Singapore  –World's  Tallest  floors and is approximately 152
         stacking and joining factory-      Modular Residential Building  m  high  built-in  PCCons.
         finished modules with building  with Concrete PPVC system.  (Figure 9) Its special feature is
         services  lines  (MEP).  Only  (Figure 8)                            the Deya Deck – a bridge-like
         bolting and interconnection of                                       structure installed at the height
                                            Hybrid Construction - Hybrid
         building services are required to                                    of 100 meters, it has four floors
                                            Construction  is the combination
         be done at the site. Prefabricated                                   of  activity  areas,  and  the
                                            of  different  materials  or
         Prefinished Volumetric Cons-                                          structure resembling a cloud, is
                                            techniques to design a range of
         truction (PPVC).  It is a Modular                                    built in steel.12
                                            building types. It utilizes the
         Construction,  Based  on  the
                                            strength and unique properties  3D Printing Technology, also
         framework of the module, there
                                            of different materials. Architects  referred  to  as  Additive
         are two types - RCC PPVC and
                                            and  Engineers  have  an  Manufacturing (AM), is the
         Steel PPVC. The Design for
                                            opportunity to construct taller,  computer-controlled sequential
         Manufac-ture and Assembly
                                            larger,  and  more  complex  layering of materials to create
         (DfMA)  approach  is  a  key
                                            buildings. These are also known  three-dimensional shapes. 3D
         strategic  thrust  to  raise
                                            as Composite Structures. Deya  printing systems developed for
         construction productivity. PPVC
                                            Atmosphere,        Kolkata     –  the construction industry are
         Technology  is  one  such
                                            Residential  Condominium  referred to as 'Construction 3D
         approach that is now picking up
                                            Building (2011 - 2019) - Hybrid  Printers'. Large scale, industrial
         globally and transforming how
                                            Construction, built-in Precast  concrete printers can create
         buildings are being built.¹¹ The
                                            Concrete, and Prefabricated  whole           house     structures
         Clement Canopy buildings,
                                            Steel Members. It has B+G+37



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