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THEME PAPER
and warned that strong nations to cut emissions by exceed the 2 °C threshold by
measures would be necessary taking prompt actions both the middle of the 21st century.
to prevent significant global in term of mitigation and Every 1 degree Celsius rise
warming. In 1990, the IPCC adaptation to the effects of in temperature will increase
in its first Report said that climate change. the intensity of heavy rain
humidity and greenhouse events by 7 per cent. The
gases have increased and According to the 6th Report concentration of carbon
enhanced the global warming. of the IPCC (2021), in the dioxide is highest in 2 million
In 1992, Rio de Janeiro hosted next 20 years the global years. Sea level rise is fastest
the Earth Summit and the temperature will cross the in 3,000 years and Arctic Sea
United Nations Framework 1.5degree Celsius limit. The ice is lowest in 1,000 years.
Convention on Climate previous decade was much Oceans continue to warm,
Change (UNFCCC) was warmer than the earlier 1.25 which have increased 2 to
adopted by 145 nations. million years, which recorded 8 times since the 1970s. The
In 1995 second Report of a temperature of 1.09 degrees health and productivity are
IPCC proposed curbing the higher during 2011 to 2020 affected by high ambient
activities causing climate than between 1850 and 1900. summer temperatures. The
change. In 1997, the Kyoto If greenhouse gas emissions cycle of urban pollution and
Protocol, signed by 178 continue as at present, the rising temperature is depicted
countries, required signatory global temperature will in Figure-1.
Figure 1: The cycle of Urban pollution and rising temperature
Source: UN Habitat
Models predict an average the lowest in the world, it is people without car and air
increase in temperature of predicted to double within conditioners, emit an average
2.3 to 4.8°C in India for the next 10 years. Already in the of 1.1 mt of CO2/GH gases.
benchmark doubling of urban areas the people with As per UN Climate Change
carbon dioxide scenario. cars and air conditioners emit Panel, a benchmark of 3.0 mt
Although per capita carbon 4.5 mt of carbon dioxide/ per capita per year should be
emission in India at 1.2 metric greenhouse gases per year, the upper limit.
tons (mt) per year is one of while the low-income
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