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THEME PAPER


                            Table 1: Strategic Adaptation interventions in Urban Sector

               Sector          Adaptation option /         Underlying policy  Key constraints and
                               strategy                    framework            opportunities to
                                                                                implementation

               Water           Expanded rainwater          National water       Financial, human resources
                               harvesting; water storage   policies and         and physical barriers;
                               and conservation techniques;   integrated        integrated water resources
                               water re-use; desalination;   water resources    management; synergies with
                               water-use and irrigation    management; water-   other sectors
                               efficiency                  related hazards
                                                           management
               Infrastructure   Relocation; seawalls and   Standards and        Financial and technological
               and settlements storm surge barriers;       regulations          barriers; availability of
                               dune reinforcement; land    that integrate       relocation space;
                               acquisition and creation of   climate change     integrated policies and
                               marshlands / wetlands as    considerations into   management; synergies with
                               buffer against sea level rise   design; land-use   sustainable development
                               and flooding; protection of   policies; building   goals
                               existing natural barriers   codes; insurance

               Human health    Human health action plans;  Public health policies  Limits to human tolerance
                                                           that recognize       (vulnerable groups);
                               emergency medical services;
                                                           climate risk;        knowledge limitations;
                               improved climate-sensitive  strengthened health   financial capacity;
                                                           services; regional
                               disease surveillance and                         upgraded health services;
                               control; safe water and     and international    improved quality of life
                                                           cooperation
                               improved sanitation
               Tourism         Diversification of tourism  Integrated planning   Appeal/marketing of
                                                           (e.g. carrying       new attractions; financial
                               attractions and revenues;   capacity; linkages   and logistical challenges;
                               shifting ski slopes to higher   with other sectors);   potential adverse impact on
                               altitudes and glaciers;     financial incentives,   other sectors (e.g. artificial
                               artificial snow-making
                                                           e.g. subsidies and tax  snow-making may increase
                                                           credits              energy use);
                                                                                revenues from new’
                                                                                attractions; involvement of
                                                                                wider group of stakeholders
               Transport       Realignment / relocation;   Integrating          Financial and technological
                               design standards and        climate change       barriers; availability of less
                               planning for roads, rail and   considerations into   vulnerable routes;
                               other infrastructure to     national transport   improved technologies and
                                                           policy; investment
                               cope with warming and       in research and      integration with key sectors
                               drainage                                         (e.g. energy)
                                                           development for
                                                           special situations, e.g.
                                                           permafrost areas





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