Page 43 - SHELTER

POLICY REVIEW

Table 11: Categories of Main Homeless Workers in Bihar and India, 2011 (15.69%), Samastipur (15.96%),
and Darbhanga (17.03%).
Bihar India
Categories of Main Workers Numbers Share (%) Numbers Share (%) GOVERNMENT
Cultivators labourers 1297 12.90 28244 4.3 INTERVENTIONS
Agricultural Labourers 3666 36.46 103679 15.8 CONCERNING
Household Industries 496 4.93 34432 5.3 HOMELESS
Other workers 4596 45.71 488465 74.6 HOUSEHOLDS IN
Source: Calculated from Census of India 2011 INDIA
Table 12: Gender Composition of Work-Participation of Homeless Population in Bihar Vis- The Government of India
à-vis India in 2011 initiated Pradhan Mantri
Bihar India Awas Yojana (PMAY) in which
Numbers Share (%) Numbers Share (%) affordable housing will be
Working 5175 30.7 277626 30.2 provided to the urban poor
Female with a target of building 20
million affordable houses by 31
Working Male 11658 69.3 641880 69.8
March 2022. National Sample
Source: Calculated from Census of India 2011 Surevy (2018) shows that there
Table 12 discusses the rates are considerably higher is a considerable jump in the
gender composition of work- than that of female across the construction of houses under the
participation of the homeless districts. The higher female scheme of Pradhanmantri Awas
population in Bihar Vis-à-vis work participation among the Yojana (Gramin). In the NSS
India in 2011. Thus, the female homeless are reported in the 69th Round (July–December
work participation rate for the districts of Lakhisarai (62.50%), 2012), 65.8% houses were pucca.
homeless is drastically lower. Arwal (41.46%), Jamui (38.24%), Six years later, this figure has
Figure 3 illustrates the Madhepura (34.18%), and reached 76.7%. It also reports
Nawada (31.38%). While the that 19.4 million pucca dwelling
employment status of the lowest female WPR recorded units have been constructed
homeless population across in Munger (8.39%), followed between 2013 and 2018. Data
regions and genders of Bihar in by Saharsa (14.07%), Bhagalpur also shows that numbers of those
2011. Male work participation
living in semi-pucca houses has
Figure 3: Homeless Employment across Regions and Genders of Bihar in 2011 come down from 24.6% to 17.4%
80.00 during the period (The Economic
70.00 Times, 2018).
60.00
50.00
40.00 In addition, Deen Dayal
30.00
20.00 Antyodaya Yojna-National
10.00 Urban Livelihoods Mission
0.00
(DAY-NULM) aims at providing
permanent shelter equipped
with essential services to the
urban homeless in a phased
WPR_Male WPR_Female
manner under the Scheme of
Source: Calculated from Census of India 2011 Shelter for Urban Homeless

October 2020 Volume 21 No. 2-SHELTER 41