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POLICY REVIEW
Insurance scheme for Disaster reduction of disaster risk and
related deaths, Synchronising losses in lives, livelihoods
Relief assistance with Crop and health and in the
insurance, Risk Pool for economic, physical, social,
infrastructure protection cultural and environmental
& recovery, and Access to assets of persons,
International Reinsurance businesses, communities
for outlier hazard events. and countries’ (UN, 2015,
These insurance schemes 9). It emphasises ‘enhancing
will supposedly provide an disaster preparedness
additional layer of protection for better response and
to people in the event of “build-back-better” in
disasters. recovery, rehabilitation and
reconstruction’ as one of the
While the recommendations four priority actions (UN, 2015,
of 15 Finance Commission 11). Addressing the priorities
th
mark an important beginning for action proposed by the
for proactive disaster Sendai framework, India has
management in India, the prepared its National Disaster
allocation of funds are Management Plan (NDMP),
inadequate considering 2016. Basing on the vision for
the needs. The XV-FC has the Sendai framework, India’s
recommended establishment NDMP aims to ‘make India
of separate funds at centre and disaster resilient, achieve data. The
state level, with major share substantial disaster risk
being retained by the centre. reduction, and significantly
The Finance Commission has decrease the losses of life,
stressed strengthening of local livelihoods, and assets—
governing bodies would be economic, physical, social,
necessary for implementation cultural, and environmental—
of disaster management by maximising the ability
plans. The non financial role to cope with disasters at all
for disaster risk management levels of administration as
has been allocated to district well as among communities
disaster management (NDMA, 2016, 14).’ Resilience
authorities (DDMA) (Borah, at the administrative and
2020). community level is an
DISASTER important component of
MANAGEMENT NDMP. While prevention of
disasters is a major component
POLICIES
of the plan, disasters in their
The Sendai framework entirety cannot be eliminated.
for disaster risk reduction Based on the National Policy
2015‒2030, to which 187 for Disaster Management
countries are signatories, 2009 (NDMA, 2009), NDMP
advocates ‘substantial also provides a framework
October, 2022, Volume 23. No.2 - SHELTER
for recovery and build-
back-better. The framework
provides for speedy,
participative, inclusive
reconstruction of housing
and infrastructure and
recognises the importance
of rebuilding lives and
livelihood of communities,
and lists salient provisions of
disaster recovery framework,
but it lacks comprehensive
rebuilding of all aspects of
losses that disaster affected
persons face.
No two disasters are similar
and no two disaster risk
would require similar
response. Developing policies
to mitigate and adapt to the
impacts of SLR in cities is
necessary, which requires
programs for
mitigation and adaptation
would emerge from policies.
Given the limited availability
of public finance for disaster
management, vulnerability
mapping of habitats along
the coastline in advance will
help in prioritising areas
where disaster management
efforts are required. With
proper planning, risk to
lives and livelihoods could
be eliminated. We have an
example of Odisha, a state
eastern
coast
along
the
of India. The state has a
coastline of 550 km out of
which 28% was impacted by
erosion during 1990 and 2016
(Panda, 2020). The villages
of Satabhaya in Kendrapada
district of Odisha suffered
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