Page 10 - SHELTER

THEME PAPER

CITIES AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA

–Making Land and Housing Market Inclusive

This paper aims to explore effective e.g. access to highways. The third way is
DR. ALOK KUMAR MISHRA ways to provide affordable housing to to link IZ or IH to significant upzoning
DR. AKSHAYA KUMAR the Economically Weaker Sections and of either particular areas or larger areas
SEN Lower Income Groups in Indian cities. to gain from the principle of land value
It attempts to address the potential recapture. These measures will go a
issues of residential exclusion of the long way to supplement public housing
The problem of poor, including slum dwellers through under programmes like Housing for
affordable housing in the technique of Inclusionary Zoning All.
India is so huge that (IZ) and Inclusionary Housing
both markets and (IH). While several innovative INTRODUCTION
governments need to initiatives have been embarked India is urbanizing and the
work together to achieve upon by the Central and State nation’s future is urban. The
Governments in India to facilitate
the social objectives the provision of land and affordable urban population of India has
of inclusion. While housing to EWS and LIG segments, increased from 286 million in
governments may they have not been able to make an 2001 to 377 million in 2011. The
focus on the poorest appreciable impact on the supply of 2018 Report of United Nations:
of the poor segments, affordable housing. However, India World Urbanization Prospects–the
inclusionary zoning has generated some very successful 2018 Revision has predicted the
figure to touch the 877 million
(IZ) and inclusionary models of inclusionary zoning like by 2050, with more than 50
housing(IH) methods Gujarat Town Planning Scheme percent of the global population
can be useful to solve a (TPS) with landowners/farmers as living in its cities and towns.
partners in urban development, with
part of the problem. no cost to government and without The number of cities in the
the cumbersome process of land country with 1,00,000 or more
acquisition.The major finding of the population has increased from
study suggests IZ and IH could be 394 in 2001 to 468 in 2011. While
promoted in India in three ways. The urbanization leads to growth
first is to provide for land reservation in secondary and tertiary
Key Words: New Urban Agenda, for socially and economically weaker economic activities in cities, it
Affordable Housing, Holistic Urban sections as in Gujarat Town Planning also attracts migrants from rural
Planning, Inclusionary Zoning Scheme, with landowners as partners. areas and smaller towns for
The second is to impose a modest jobs, leading to a phenomenon
Dr.Alok Kumar Mishra (alokmishra@ IZ or IH requirement within the of ‘‘urbanization of poverty’’.
uohyd.ac.in) is Associate Professor, School existing zoning framework, where the This posesserious policy and
of Economics University of Hyderabad. developer bears the cost of subsidizing
Dr. Akshaya Kumar Sen (aksen@hudco. to the extent she/he is compensated in managerial challenges. With
org) is Joint General Manager (Eco.) & rapidly increasing urbanization,
Fellow, HUDCO’s HSMI, New Delhi. the form of cost offsets and incentives, the demand for housing

8 HUDCO-HSMI Publication