Page 14 - SHELTER

THEME PAPER
All’which would help in
development of sustainable
urban habitats in India. It was
based on the demographic
trends reported by Census 2001
and estimates of urban housing
shortage arrived at in the context
of the 11 Five Year Plan. The
th
Policy was formulated taking
into account the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs)
adopted by the United Nations
in 2000. The key focus areas
of NUHHP-2007 included:
(i)Provision of “Affordable
Housing for All” with emphasis
on vulnerable sections of society;
(ii)Use of perspective of regional
planning to promote a symbiotic
development of rural and
urban areas; (iii) Bridge the gap
between demand and supply
of housing and basic services;
(iv) Innovations in the area of
housing and infrastructure, e.g.
FDI, PPP, Securitization, etc.; (v)
Expansion of fiscal concessions;
(vi) Incentives to motivate,
persuade and encourage various
stakeholders to participate in
the delivery of housing and
infrastructure; and (vii) Build
synergy, convergence and
integration of housing and related
infrastructure intervention.The
Policy stipulated reservation of
10-15 percent of land in every
new public or private housing
projects or 20-25 percent of Floor
Area Ratio (FAR), whichever
is greater, for housing the
Economically Weaker Sections
(EWS) or Lower Income Group
(LIG) through appropriate
12 HUDCO-HSMI Publication
spatial incentives.
Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission
The Basic Services to Urban Poor
(BSUP) and Integrated Housing &
Slum Development Programme
(IHSDP) components under
the Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM) prescribed for
reserving at least 20-25 percent
of developed land in all housing
projects (both public and private)
for EWS/LIG category with a
system of cross-subsidization,
that is, other groups would
be charged higher prices to
subsidize the low-income
households.
Rajiv AwasYojana
Learning from the experiences
of JNNURM, the Government
of India launched the scheme
of Rajiv AwasYojana (RAY) in
2012with a vision of creating a
“Slum-free India” with equitable
and inclusive cities in which
every citizen has access to decent
shelter, basic civic infrastructure
and services, social amenities
and strong livelihood linkages.
The scheme applied to states
and cities which committed
property rights to slum dwellers.
The main focus of this scheme
was to redevelop all existing
slums and suggest solutions
to the problem of a shortage of
affordable housing so that the
growth of new slums could be
prevented. About 50 percent of
the cost of slum development/
improvement, including
housing was to receive a central
grant for a project. The mission
of RAY was to rectify the failures
of the formal urban planning
system that are responsible for
the creation of slums. It planned
for providing affordable
housing stock to the urban
poor and initiated some crucial
policy changes like the security
of tenure and entitlement of the
property rights to slum-dwellers
and the poor in order to make
cities inclusive. However, RAY
was not able to get a response
from the States for land and
housing market reforms to
support the poor.
PMAY-Housing for All-Urban
In order to providing affordable
housing for all by 2022 and
creating slum free cities across
the country, the ‘Pradhan
MantriAwasYojana (Prime
Minister’s Housing Scheme):
Housing for All (urban)’ Mission,
launched in June 2015, promises
to provide 20 million affordable
houses, especially Economically
Weaker Section (EWS) and
Lower Income Group (LIG)
households in urban areas by
the year 2022, by addressing the
housing requirements of urban
poor including slum dwellers
through 4 programme verticals:
(i) Slum rehabilitation of slum
dwellers with participation
of private developers using
land as a resource and
additional FSI/FAR/TDR;