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THEME PAPER
population in cities, within design and building Santamouris, 2004; Gulliver
tremendous resources are practice. There is a vast body and Briggs, 2011; Yang et
required for the construction, of knowledge and research al., 2013). In recent years,
and maintenance of these studies about this matter, modelling techniques to
buildings. Design of these but to understand fully the map out the urban climate
buildings become very crucial microclimate impact on built (temperature, wind, solar
as the resources required in environment is still a very radiation, daylighting) have
the subsequent operation challenging effort. The whole been developed that help
and maintenance is highly ecology system comprises to guide the urban design
dependent on the quality many systems, which are (Matzarakis et al., 2010; Wong
of such design (Macmillan, too complex to be quantified et al., 2011; Tominaga
2005). Over the years, there has and represented in numbers and Stathopoulos, 2013).
been tremendous effort put in and models (Yeang, 1995). Various mitigation measures
to design “Green Buildings,” However, this incomplete such as the integration of
with the key objective to and inadequate state of greenery with the urban
make the buildings more current knowledge about structures (Wong et al.,
cost effective, eco friendly climate–urban relationship 2003, 2009; Chen and Wong,
and disaster resilient by should not be the reason to be 2005), application of cool
minimizing the utilization of evasive towards preventive roof materials (Santamouris
resources in the construction or corrective actions within et al., 2011; Akbari and
and maintenance of buildings. the design process. Planners Damon Matthews, 2012),
Building systems such as air and engineers should view improvement of the urban
conditioning and lighting are design process with a proper airflow, control of the
energy guzzlers, which can understanding on ecological anthropogenic heat (Sailor,
consume more than 60% of aspects, where the concerns 2010) in urban centers, etc.,
the energy consumption in a should be laid not just at have been studied to great
typical commercial building. present time, but also for extent.
They can also impact the the future. Over the years,
indoor environmental quality. researchers have attempted to At the building level, there
Thus, energy efficiency develop techniques, models, has been good progress in the
of the systems is crucial. simulation platforms, etc. modelling of the performance
of buildings and the associate
Selection of materials, which for urban planners and
can minimize the embodied architects to understand systems such as energy
(Crawley et al., 2008), thermal
energy and construction the impact of their designs
waste is also important. on various environmental (Hensen and Lamberts, 2012),
parameters. One key aspect lighting (Thanachareonkit et
ADVANCES IN that has shown tremendous al., 2005), acoustic (Beradi,
THE DESIGN AND progress is the study of the 2014), indoor air quality
CONSTRUCTION urban climate, which deals (Steeman et al., 2009), etc.
precision
greater
MAINTENANCE OF THE with issues such as UHI, with certainty. With the
and
BUILDING urban airflow, air pollution,
urban noise, daylighting, advancement of information
The multifaceted relationship outdoor thermal comfort, technology, greater utilization
between microclimate and etc. (Kang, 2002; Wong of sensors and control
built environment is the key et al., 2003; Compagnon, systems have been observed
to promote sustainability 2004; Georgakis and in buildings resulting in
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