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THEME PAPER
better performance and
energy efficiency in buildings.
At the material level, the design process. With the
nano-technology has been
employed to develop building
materials that can help to
improve the performance of
buildings such as improving
the thermal and acoustical
insulation, allowing more
daylighting through glazing
systems but reducing the
entry of heat. The concept of
Life Cycle Analysis (Dixit et
al., 2010; Ramesh et al., 2010)
has also been introduced
that monitors the embodied
body of resources utilized
throughout the entire
building life cycle. This has
also resulted in better control
of resources utilization during
the design, planning and
construction of buildings.
CURRENT
CHALLENGES IN COST
EFFECTIVE, DISASTER
RESILIENT AND ECO-
FRIENDLY DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION
Despite the advances in the
research and development
in the building, there are still
major challenges encountered.
One key challenge is in the
integration of such practices
in the design process. Most
designers still see such tasks
as the responsibilities of the
environmental consultants
rather than part and parcel of
their design tasks. Thus, it is
essential that more research
should be conducted to
seamlessly integrate such
modelling approaches with
advancement of Building
Information Modelling (BIM)
(Bynum et al., 2013; Volk
et al., 2014), this will serve
as an excellent platform
for such integration to
occur. It also allows a better
integration of the different
simulation models so that a
better understanding of the
relationship between these
simulation models could be
obtained. Currently, there is
also lack of understanding of
the inter-relationship between
urban and building systems.
Such understanding is crucial
as studies have shown that the
microclimates, which are very
much governed by the urban
systems could have major
impact on the energy, thermal,
and lighting performance of
buildings. Currently, there are
tremendous research works
done at the urban level using
Geographical Information
System (GIS). The study
of such inter-relationship Brief Description of Project
between urban and building
systems could be facilitated by
a better integration between
GIS and BIM.
CASE STUDY
Green construction of
disaster resistant (earthquake
resistant, flood resistant
& cyclone resistant), cost
effective and eco-friendly
rural houses
April 2022 Volume 23 No. 1 - SHELTER
Client Requirements
In the present case the client
was Bihar State Disaster
Management Authority,
Govt of Bihar. The Client
requirement was to construct
two types of disaster resistant
building –One type having
plinth area-41.28 sqm and the
other type having plinth area-
20.64 sqm with minimum
cost but aesthetic design.
Since the site was located in
an earthquake prone, flood
prone and cyclone prone belt
of State, expectation was to
use such innovative materials
which were cost effective and
disaster resistant and eco-
friendly in nature. Only six
months time was given for
construction of the houses.
Keeping in view the above
requirements the building
was designed and constructed
adopting efficient design
and using innovative, cost
effective and eco-friendly
material within 06 month.
Hence it satisfied client
requirements.
All the 52 houses were
constructed in Singhwara
village of Bihar. The type-I
structure consisted of 26
houses with plinth area of
41.28 sqm each and the type-
II structure with plinth area of
20.64 sqm each for the balance
26 houses. The rectangular
plan is divided in two rooms
of unequal area. The house
has an attached veranda on
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