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CASE STUDIES

Figure 5: Comparison of BLC Implementation across States:

Source: CSMC, 2018 as presented in (Das , et al., 2018)

who earn less than INR 30,000 The state of Kerala has also Given that proof of land
in rural areas and below been planning to extend ownership is a prerequisite
INR 50,000 in urban areas subsidies to people to buy land for availing the subsidy,
annually. through state support under some states went ahead with
LIFE (Livelihood Inclusion programmes and schemes
The state of Kerala initiated
its land transfer facilitation Financial Empowerment) to provide land ownership
for urban development, Mission initiated in 2012, in its or streamline the land
including that for the urban third phase. In Kerala, nearly ownership documents to
poor, in 2007. It began land 73 per cent of the respondents facilitate the same, like in
acquisition processes in the had inherited the land, of Odisha. In the case of Odisha,
urban fringes with public and which only one was not a progress in the scheme was
private initiatives providing BLC beneficiary (Figure 6). noticeably delayed because
appropriate statutory Another 20 per cent bought of a lack of land rights. Thus,
support. The state recognised the land. Only a handful, i.e., the Odisha government
that there were over 330,000 7 per cent, got the land from resorted to granting land
families who were landless the government in the recent rights transfers to expedite
and houseless, and the past. This indicates that land the BLC process. In Odisha, it
government attempted to transfer facilitation in the past is seen that while bigger cities
provide land for the landless had been effective in Kerala could leverage the subsidy
to take up housing initiatives. for availing BLC subsidies because of land ownership,
(Das, et al., 2020). smaller cities like Dhenkanal

Figure 6: Land ownership Figure 7: City-wise BLC -LRC beneficiaries in Odisha
pattern in Kerala

April 2022 Volume 23 No. 1 - SHELTER 55