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POLICY REVIEW
Figure 2: Overview of Land Revenue Administration in Odisha surveyed in the 2nd half of the
19th century. The zamindars
in this belt did not prepare
RoRs. In Ryotwari areas, the
village accountants prepared
the RoRs, but these were not
updated. After enactment
of the new Act in 1958, most
villages of this area were also
resurveyed. These settlements
have now continued for over
50 years. Apart from the
original and revisional survey
and settlement, 8,294 villages
have been covered under
the Consolidation Act and
around 5,000 villages have
Record of Rights (RoR) for survey and settlement for been resurveyed under this
each individual property constituting land records (both Act after being covered under
that describes the ownership textual record and cadastral the Survey Act of 1958.
attributes of the land parcels. maps). The three districts
The attributes recorded in an (now 10) of the Central The registering of property
RoR include: Name of each Revenue Division were under transactions is also a key
function of the State Revenue
tenant/occupant; Class to the Bengal Presidency (Das & Department. When a land
which each tenant belongs; Sanan, 2021). These were first property transaction takes
Situation and extent of the surveyed in the period 1836- place, a deed document is
land; Type/use of land; Rent 43 under the supervision of prepared through which
and charges payable by each District Collectors. During the two parties agree to
proprietor/landlord, and 1890-1900, more elaborate the transfer of freehold
tenant/ occupant; Special surveys were carried out ownership. These deed
conditions or incidents, if any, in these districts, cadastral documents are registered
of the tenancy (restrictions in maps were made, and RoR with the Sub-Registrars’
right); and Any right of way copies given to the public.
or other easement attached to A revisional survey was office (under the Inspector
the land. The land records are conducted in these districts in General of Registration) as
maintained at the sub-district 1925-30. After independence, per the provisions of the
level. There is no provision another round of resurvey Registration Act, 1908, and
for separate management of was done under a new the Orissa Registration Rules,
land records for urban and Odisha Survey & Settlement 1988. The stamp duty is paid
rural areas, as in case of other Act,1958. In 26 Princely as per the provisions of the
parts of India. States, after their merger into Indian Stamp Act, 1899, and
the newly formed state, were the Orissa Stamp Rules, 1952.
Odisha Survey and Settlement also surveyed under the new It is important to note that
Act 1958 governs survey and Act. The southern part of the Registration office only
settlements in Odisha. The the state, which was under registers land/ property
State has a long history of Madras Presidency, was first transactions. Once the deed
April 2022 Volume 23 No. 1 - SHELTER 43
