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POLICY REVIEW
of all policies. To guide the housing issue, each scheme the subsidy.
empirical analysis, each of has discernible variations
the elements is defined: (a) in policy designs and The CLSS policy intervention
goals are the policy problems implementation strategies. happens at the last stage of
that are needed to be solved We describe and compare the the housing process when
as an outcome of a particular implementation strategies of low-income households
policy, (b) agents refer to the verticals in next sections. have already entered a
the institutions involved in home loan to buy a house.
the policy implementation, Demand-pull bottom-up Interested homebuyers
(c) target population denote strategy (BLC and CLSS) apply for the subsidy at the
individuals, groups, and Both the successful verticals, lending institutions (like
organisations who are the namely BLC and CLSS, banks and housing finance
targets of policy intervention, are demand-side schemes companies) where they have
and (d) tools are the policy wherein the impetus for home loan accounts. These
instruments used as a policy uptake of the scheme is lending institutions perform
intervention to bring about driven by the beneficiaries the means-testing for the
the desired change (Schneider who receive cash benefits applicants to determine their
and Ingram, 1997). directly to the bank account. eligibility and then forward
The policy intervention under the information to the nodal
Table 1 compares the four BLC is provided during the agencies for further subsidy
verticals of PMAY–U based construction process of the disbursement that is directly
on three aspects: (1) whether house. Interested low-income released to the beneficiaries’
the scheme is supply-side households approach the bank accounts. CLSS is the
or demand-side driven, (2) concerned ULBs and apply only Central Sector Scheme
at what stage of housing is for financial assistance. The among the four verticals,
the policy intervention is ULBs perform the eligibility while others are Centrally
made, and (3) individual check and subsequent Sponsored Schemes. By
verticals’ policy design monitoring of the house design, all the funds for
frameworks. Housing is a construction to release the CLSS flow from the Central
process that involves stages amount in 3 to 4 instalments government without any
right from land acquisition tied to the construction financial or operational role
to construction and final progress. Though the final of the state governments and
consumption. The stage at fund disbursement takes a ULBs. Overall, CLSS follows
which the housing policy relatively long time, the initial a lean implementation
intervention is introduced funds’ allocation depends on strategy involving only two
affects gestation periods for the time taken by ULBs to agents, CNAs and housing
the specific schemes. Further, assess applicants’ eligibility finance lenders, drastically
the agents involved in the which translates into a reducing the chances of multi-
policy chain of each vertical shorter gestation period. institutional conflicts. Lean
are contingent upon the This scheme is simple to implementation strategy
target population, tools, and the implement, involving the and the low gestation period
stage of policy intervention. active participation of ULBs probably make the CLSS
Though all the verticals are after beneficiaries apply for the most successful of all
designed to address the urban the verticals. There is a flip
October, 2022, Volume 23. No.2 - SHELTER 67
