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CASE STUDIES
amenities in urban areas (The policies and programmes with the urban fabric,
Global Risks Report, 2015). that serve to improve the employment generation, and
According to Census 2011, state of the current slums and adequate access to social
India has a population of 1.2 eventually help to prevent the infrastructures, like schools,
billion citizens, with 31.2% or formation of new slums. colleges, and healthcare
377 million people residing facilities, etc. Due to better
in urban areas, which is GOVERNMENT chance of generating more
expected to rise to 600 million INTERVENTIONS FOR income along with better
people by 2031. Millions of SLUM DWELLERS AND infrastructure amenities,
people have migrated to VULNERABLE SECTORS slums that are situated in or
urban agglomerations from The right to adequate near employment centres or
rural and other less developed housing is a basic human the centre of the city, have a
areas because of the potential right as shelter is a basic greater chance of being viable.
for high incomes and a better human need. The provision The condition of housing
standard of living (Evans et of adequate housing is is, therefore, to develop a
al., 2009). However, a large emerging as a major thrust rational connection between
number of migrants lack area for the Government of affordability, adequacy,
the education and/or skills India. With the skyrocketing viability, and security of
necessary to enter the middle increase in the cost of land, tenure (Harish S, 2021). Hence,
or higher classes of the urban building materials, labour the State Government’s role
labour force. As a result, and infrastructure, affordable and intervention become very
they either end up moving housing has become a distant essential in eliminating slum-
into existing congested dream for the economically like situations.
settlements, squatting near weaker section and lower-
economic centres within the income groups. As a result, A Basic Services for Urban
city boundaries or merely several programmes and Poor (BSUP) project, under
settling along the periphery policies were developed and JNNURM which was
of urban regions (United put into practice to efficiently launched in December 2005,
Nations, 2003). and effectively stimulate from Kolkata is chosen as
urban growth as well as to our research area for the
Urban housing is a vital provide housing for the most critical case study analysis
component in the social vulnerable groups (Harish in this work. This BSUP
and economic development S, 2021). Additionally, the programme includes
of any country (Arku, G, viability of the project for the upgrading housing as well
2006). In light of increasing residents who will be living as infrastructural amenities
slum population in India, there is a crucial factor to such as laying a water
it is necessary to give the be taken into account while supply pipeline, repairing
issue of slums immediate planning an affordable slum roads and walkways, and
attention in order to enact rehabilitation housing project upgrading the drainage and
policies to address their (Deb, 2016). For the residents sanitation system. In West
huge proportion as a rising to enjoy a higher standard of Bengal, a total of 108 projects
component of the urban living, consideration should were proposed; however, only
landscape. However, the be given to the project’s 97 of those projects were built,
percentage of urban residents viability in the context of producing 1.06 lakh housing
who live in slums is declining economic development units. With a dwelling unit
as a result of strong urban opportunities like integration (DU) completion rate of 17.6%
72 HUDCO-HSMI Publication
